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August 13, 2008
Posted: 628 GMT
HONG KONG, China - So Michael Phelps is the greatest Olympian of all time - the "winningest" (to use that hateful expression) in any sport in any era of the Modern Age. Well, not so fast. Let's crunch the numbers. When Phelps won his fourth event at Beijing, he became the first Olympian to be awarded 10 gold medals. Four others have won nine. But let's apply the "Zimbabwe Rule." This says that if an athlete was born, freakishly talented, in a small country, would they have the means to boost their overall medal tally by being part of powerful national teams? And to level the playing field, should athletes for purposes of comparison, be judged solely for individual achievement? The four athletes with nine gold medals are Mark Spitz, Carl Lewis, gymnast Larysa Latynina and the "Flying Finn," Paavo Nurmi. Compare the Olympians Spitz famously won seven gold medals at Munich in 1972, the mark that Phelps has set out to better. He also won two gold medals in Mexico four years before. But five of Spitz's total gold medal haul were in relay events. Only four gold medals (and I realize the irony of the "only") were for individual events. Under the Zimbabwe Rule, Spitz gets credit for his four individual golds. How, then, does he stack up? Larysa Latynina still holds the record for total Olympic medals - 18 of them, including nine golds. The Ukrainian gymnast, who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 60s, gained three of her gold medals from team events. So the Zimbabwe Rule gives her six individual golds, two better than Spitz. What of Paavo Nurmi? He is extraordinary in that his nine gold medals were all in endurance events. In 1924, he won the 5,000 meters on the track just two hours after winning the 1,500 meters. But in the 1920s, when Nurmi dominated, medals were awarded for cross country teams. Three of Nurmi's golds were for team events - though doubtless his presence in the team had more than usual influence. Still, the Zimbabwe Rule acknowledges only his six individual golds. Which leaves Carl Lewis. From 1984-1996, the US track star won nine gold. Only two came from relays. That leaves him seven individual gold medals. He also has the most efficient record - nine gold, one silver, no bronze. And Phelps? His six gold medals from Athens 2004 included two team events. At time of writing he has won five from five in Beijing, including two relay golds. That gives him seven individual gold medals, tying him with Lewis. But Phelps still has three events to go, including two individual races, in Beijing's Water Cube. With a win in either of those, by the Zimbabwe Rule or any other measure, Michael Phelps is the greatest achiever in Olympic history. And did we mention he was only 23? Greatest individual gold medalists (at time of writing): Michael Phelps (USA) 2004-2008: Seven gold Carl Lewis (USA) 1984-1996: Seven gold Paavo Nurmi (Finland) 1920-1928: Six gold Larysa Latynina (USSR) 1956-1964: Six gold Mark Spitz (USA): Four gold Posted by: CNN Correspondent, Hugh Riminton
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